The present study was conducted to assess the opinions amongst schoolchildren about the appearance of dental fluorosis, to correlate the children's perceptions of dental fluorosis and to assess the impact of dental fluorosis on psychological health of the school children.

A questionnaire was used for assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude and Aesthetic perceptions about Dental Fluorosis among 474, 12-15 years old school children studying in four government high schools of Farukh Nagar block, Gurgaon, Haryana. The study sample included 308 students with dental fluorosis out of all the school children examined. Dental Fluorosis was assessed by using tooth surface index of fluorosis with 8 point scale ranging from 0 to 7.

Amongst 308 subjects, maximum subjects had TSIF score of 4, 96.8% (298) subjects were not aware of the term fluorosis, 276 (89.5%) subjects were worried, and 253 (82.2%) subjects were not able to smile freely because of the appearance of their teeth.

The study showed that dental fluorosis had severe impact on the 12 to 15 years old school children especially on the subjects with TSIF score of 4 because of the staining.

To Study knowledge and assess factors associated with knowledge towards dental-caries and malocclusion among Indian school-teachers.

Cross-sectional design employed using self-administered questionnaire with personal-interview method. 215 schoolteachers were selected with response rate of 95.34%.

36.59% school-teachers have medium knowledge, 26.83% have good knowledge. 30 years above and with additional educational degrees have higher knowledge. Significant association observed between knowledge with education (p<0.05). However, multivariate stepwise-regression analysis showed impact of factors like education, gender and teaching experience significantly correlated to knowledge (R²=0.2296, p<0.05).

Schoolteachers need to be motivated to improve their awareness and knowledge about oral-health diseases, particularly younger-age groups, those with basic educational qualifications.

Of this study was to assess the association of nutritional status and socio economic status in dental caries among rural children.

Children of age 6 – 10 yrs (n = 120) from government schools in two villages of Kanchipuram district were the study subjects. The children's nutritional status was assessed by means of anthropometric measurements. Body Mass Index using weight and height of children was evaluated using the reference standard of the WHO 2007. The socioeconomic status was assessed based on education, occupation and material possession. The children's oral cavity was screened for decayed and filled teeth (dft index)

Nutritional assessment showed that 66.7% were malnourished. Female children (71.7%) were more malnourished than males (62.2%) with no significant difference between them. Children belonging to the low income group were more malnourished (74.7%) than children of middle income group (53.3%) (p = 0.01). The prevalence of caries in this population was 60% with mean dft index score of 1.7. Caries occurrence was more in the low income group (61.3%) than middle income group (57.8%) with no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.70). Comparing the caries occurrence between the malnourished children and the normal weight children it was seen that the caries occurrence was less in the malnourished children (p=0.23)

This cross sectional study concludes that malnutrition is not associated with dental caries and socioeconomic status influences nutritional status of a child in this rural population.

The study assessed the incidence of dental caries in first permanent molars, evaluate and compare caries activity between upper and lower first permanent molar and evaluates the effect of various variables on the incidence.

Caries were detected using DIAGNOdent as a valuable adjunct to clinical examination. The visual appearance of the site recorded using the criteria proposed by Ekstrand et al.

Out of total teeth examined, 50.17% were affected by dental caries and 49.90% teeth had no carious lesion. Out of affected teeth enamel caries consisted of 108 (20.69%) teeth, outer half dentin caries affected 101(19.35%) teeth and 53(10.15%) teeth showed dentin caries extended to inner half of teeth. Further significant associations were noted in between different variables.

An early preventive program at the age of 6-7 years reduced caries incidence in permanent molars.

This study was designed to compare the efficacy of tetracycline fibres and povidone iodine when locally delivered to the moderately deep periodontal pocket.

30 subjects were selected for the study and divided into two groups; Group I received Tetracycline fibers (Periodontal AB Plus), Group II received Povidone iodine local drug delivery. The Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were measured at baseline and at 3 months.

The intragroup comparison between PPD, CAL and GI at baseline and 3 months showed a statistically significant difference in group I in relation to all parameters; in group II, the PPD and CAL did not show a statistically significant difference. The intergroup comparison of PPD and CAL at the end of 3 months, showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with tetracycline fibers giving superior results.

Tetracycline fibers were more efficacious in improving the periodontal health status when compared to Povidone Iodine.

Tobacco in general is used as smoking and smokeless tobacco forms. These tobacco products are the global public health hazard for the health in general and oral health in particular.

To find the prevalence of tobacco use among the professional and non-professional college students of Mathura city.

A cross sectional study carried out in Mathura city to assess the prevalence of tobacco use among the college students in the age group of 15 to 30 years (N= 1478). Students were grouped as professional (N=500) and non professional (N= 978). Structured pretested proforma was used to assess the prevalence of tobacco use. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi-Square test, ANOVA and PostHoc Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05).

The subjects found to consume tobacco were 40%,whereas 60% were non-users.

It was concluded that tobacco use was higher among males as compared to females. The college years are a crucial period in the development or abandonment of adverse habits like tobacco use. Tobacco use in this group should be monitored closely, and young adults should be included in all tobacco control efforts.

This study was carried out to document the medicinal plants used in management of oral health and diseases by traditional medical practitioners in Nairobi County, Kenya.

An ethnomedicinal survey was conducted using a standard questionnaire and informal discussion to collect information from traditional medical practitioners, traders and vendors of medicinal plants used in oral care practice.

This study identified 35 species from 24 families, commonly used by the traditional medical practitioners in Nairobi to manage oral health and diseases in Nairobi County.

There are various plants that are used by traditional medical practitioners to manage oral diseases either singly or in combination.

The marked rise in patients’ demands as regards quality of life and a good appearance makes it mandatory for the Prosthodontist to provide a dental prosthesis with optimal functional, esthetic and physiological requirements. Recent researches in dental implants advocate precise preparation of the implant bed and an adequate primary stability for more vital bone to be in contact with the implant interface facilitating immediate loading. Improvements in implant designs and surface modifications have favored reduced treatment time.

Microflora can be found in both caries-free and periodontitis-free people and caries-affected and periodontitis-affected people, and many clinical studies reveal that the portion of certain bacterial species such as Streptococcus mutans or Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively, is increased in patients with caries or periodontitis. Therefore, it seems that the competition that results between beneficial bacteria and virulent bacteria leads to either a healthy or sick status of human beings. Competition between members of the dental microflora and there role in pocket recolonization is very complex and many antagonistic characteristics can be observed from competition for initial attachment on tooth surfaces or for later attachment to pioneer bacteria, competition from bacteriocins or hydrogen peroxide secreted and from facilitating the growth of some species which inhibit other species. To date only some of the details of these mechanisms are known. The present review will provide an overview on the prevalence of beneficial bacteria and the major mechanisms of oral bacterial interactions. Due to the large number of oral bacterial species, only the best characterized species are included in this review.

Garlic is a member of lily family that has been used worldwide as an incredible herb in the array of medicine. In Indian traditional medicine, garlic holds a special place and is used to cure variety of diseases. It has got the reputation of a powerful healing, antibacterial and antifungal agent. It has proved beneficial in treating systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension etc in medicine. But it has got less importance in dentistry due to lack of clinical data assuring its safe usage in curing dental diseases. Drawback of garlic is its pungent odor which restricts its oral usage as an antibacterial agent, but now a days odor less garlic preparations are available which can be utilized in treating oral diseases. This review article throws a light on the clinical applications of garlic in the field of dentistry.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour is a relatively uncommon odontogenic tumour first described by steensland in 1905. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour accounts for about 3-7% of all odontogenic tumours, predominantly found in young female patients, located more often in maxilla associated with an unerupted permanent tooth. The tumour often misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst. AOT frequently resembles other odontogenic lesions such as dentigerous cysts or ameloblastomas. Therefore, it should be distinguished from the more common lesions of odontogenic origin in routine dental examinations. We present a rare case report of 59-year-old female patient of AOT occurring in the maxilla.

Oral and Maxillofacial gunshot injuries are usually lethal due to close proximity with the vital structures. The severity of injury varies according to the caliber of the weapon used and to the distance from which the patient is shot. A case of gunshot injury that was successfully managed by surgical exploration and removal of bullet from left maxillary antrum under local anesthesia is presented. The initial care of facial gunshot wounds strictly adheres to the basics of trauma resuscitation. Early and appropriate surgical management have proved to be influential on the final outcome and aesthetic result. Treatment of gunshot injuries should be planned and carried out carefully. It takes different stages and procedures to achieve the targeted treatment plan. Prevention and control of infection are important in the success of the treatment.

Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth found in premaxilla between two the central incisors. Talon cusp, also known as eagle's talon, is a dental anomaly that occurs on lingual aspect of the teeth. This paper reports a rare presentation of talon cusp on facial aspect of mesiodens in 9 year old female child. The treatment plan consisted of extraction of mesiodens.

Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is a severe multisystem disorder associated with premature mortality, due to bone marrow failure. Because HHS is a very rare disease and almost all cases die before 7 years of age, the dental development and dental findings of HHS patients are still not clear. According to our knowledge only twenty seven cases were reported up to now and we did not find any report focusing on the dental evaluation of HHS patients. Therefore, in this report, we aimed to present the dental findings of a twenty-year old patient with HHS.