This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mother's age, education, occupation and income on the dental health behaviours and caries experience of her pre-school children in the District of Lahore, Pakistan.

This questionnaire based cross-sectional study evaluated the dental health status and oral health behaviors of 600 children in relation to the mother's age, education, family income and her domicile of residence. Chi square test was used to see the association between the different variables. The level of significance was taken as p<0.05.

Tooth cleaning behaviors were found to be associated with all the maternal factors under study. Sugary food consumption was associated with mother's level of education and her family income while dental decay positively correlated with her residence and family income.

Younger age of the mother, high level of educational attainment, higher income and urban residence, all have a positive influence on the dental health practices of her pre-school children.

1. Dental health practices of the pre-school children are greatly influenced by the maternal characteristics. 2. Dental decay status of pre-school children is independent of the mother's education, income and residence. 3. Dental decay status of the pre-school children is low in Lahore, Pakistan.

The aim of the present study was to look at the frequency of strict anaerobic bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy subjects without periodontal destruction. Hundred patients with chronic periodontitis and hundred healthy subjects with no clinical signs of periodontal disease were included in the study. Sterile paper points were used for sample collection from the deepest pocket site in case of periodontitis patients. The samples were cultured under anaerobic conditions and characterized to species level by conventional biochemical tests. Anaerobes were isolated in 83% of periodontitis cases and 62% of healthy subjects. Porphyromonas gingivalis (48%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (24%), Peptostreptococcus micros (23%) and Prevotella spp. (26%) were the commonest anaerobes isolated in periodontitis patients, while Peptostreptococcus micros (36%), Prevotella spp. (8%), Veillonella (10%) and Actinomyces viscosus (12%) were frequently detected in the control group. Data shows the diversity of anaerobic bacteria in chronic periodontitis.

Adults seeking orthodontic treatment have been increased considerably over the years as society is gradually becoming more esthetic oriented. These adults have already completed growth of craniofacial complex and treatment modality of growth modification is not an option for them. Many biological and psychosocial factors associated with adults need a change in biomechanics and treatment approach than that in growing adolescents. The present article attempts to explore the limitations in adult orthodontics.

Dental erosion or chemical wearing away of the tooth structure is a dental health problem of the modern world and if not detected early, may result in serious irreversible damage to the dentition. An awareness of its clinical appearance, etiology, and risk factor is important to plan the preventive and curative management of such problems.

This paper discusses the diagnostic protocol along with preventive and various restorative options available to treat this multifactorial nature of tooth wear.

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, large fontanelles, dental anomalies and delayed skeletal development. A case of an eleven year old boy with this syndrome is reported having multiple supernumerary teeth, retained deciduous dentition, non-eruption of permanent dentition along with hypoplasia of orofacial and skeletal structures.