Aim: To assess the effect of handling currency notes on the health of bank cashiers. Materials and methods: Currency notes which were taken from 20 randomly selected nationalized banks of Moradabad, India, were subjected to microbiological profile. On a sample of 45 cashiers and 45 general staff of those banks, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. Absentees of both the cohorts were calculated from the attendance register and the reason behind taking each leave was asked, then the leaves taken due to sickness, such as common cold, throat infection, fever, stomach cramps, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, skin infection, eye flue, urinary tract infection, were calculated separately. Calculations were done to get percentage of contamination of currency notes. Mean and standard deviation for each variable for the cohorts were calculated, and unpaired t-test was used for comparing between the cohorts. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: When the two groups were analyzed, more cashiers were found to be absent from their duties due to sickness as compared with the general staff, and the difference between the two is statistically significant (p = 0.039). On comparing between the two groups, a statistically significant difference was observed for the leaves taken due to throat infection and fever. Conclusion: Because of their profession, cashiers are at high risk of developing communicable infections. So they need to be aware of their vulnerability to get infected and should be provided with proper knowledge to maintain their health while doing justice to their profession.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of oral health care among nursing students. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted at the College of Health Sciences, Mbweni Zanzibar, Tanzania, involving nursing students. Data were obtained using a self-administered open-ended questionnaire with questions concerning the knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health care. The students were grouped into two groups: The junior students and the senior students. Data were summarized in the form of proportions and frequency tables for categorical variables. Results: The study incorporated 210 nursing students, of which 67.1% were female and 52.9% of the participants were in the junior year of studies. Of all the participants, 80.5% were found to have an overall knowledge regarding dental caries, while only 26.7% of the study participants were found to have an overall knowledge regarding periodontal diseases. Almost all the participants, 96.7% agreed that having oral health knowledge is necessary for general patient care. Conclusion: The participants had some knowledge on oral health care but they lacked its important elements expected of a nursing student. The most information they had was virtually through experience from clinical rotations in their senior years. Clinical significance: By determining the oral health-related knowledge and practices among nursing students, this study gives insight of competence and dependability of future nurses in oral health promotion and preventive information dissemination, since nurses meet children and their parents regularly in primary health care.

Introduction: The public can encounter an overwhelming amount of complex health information in everyday life. The growth in information and the rapid advances in dental scientific knowledge require that the public should have an understanding of oral health to make good decisions about their own and their children's oral health. Studies have reported that parental education has a direct impact on oral health of children. Aim: To determine parental oral health literacy (OHL) and children oral health impact profile among 15-year-old schoolchildren in Davangere city, Karnataka, India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using health literacy in dentistry (HeLD) dental scale to assess the OHL of parents, and their children's oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) was assessed using child oral health impact profile (COHIP) among 15-year-old schoolchildren. Questionnaire was distributed to the children and their parents for collecting the data. This was followed by a clinical oral examination of children to record the number of decayed, missing, and filled components of their permanent dentition. Chi-squared test and linear logistic regression were used to analyze the data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The present study showed that 57.5% of parents have educational qualification below intermediate level and 36% were not able to pay to consult a dentist. However, only 17.1% of students in the present study agreed that they had pain in their teeth and 73% of students expressed that they were confident of their teeth. The mean number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) of the students in the study was 1.43 ± 1.64. Conclusion: The relation of parental OHL and child OHRQoL is not a direct cause-and-effect connection, but rather a more elusive relationship. These results suggest that education and counseling of parents with low OHL levels may be an important component for the oral care of their children.

Introduction: The positional shift observed in removable die systems before and after sectioning the master cast may result in a cast restoration with improper occlusal and proximal contacts and marginal fit, thereby requiring time-consuming chairside adjustments. Aim: This study was done to evaluate the relative accuracy of three commercially available removable die systems with different configurations by measuring the average die displacement before and after sectioning of the cast. Materials and methods: A total of 60 impressions were made of the standardized brass master model using polyvinylsiloxane. Impressions were divided into three groups. For each group, a different removable die system was used. Group I: cross pin; group II: M R pin; and group III: conventional brass dowel pin. The presectioning measurement both in the horizontal and vertical directions of all the 60 casts obtained were made using profile projector. The casts were then sectioned and removed and replaced 30 times, and the postsectioning measurements were made using the same references. The differences between the presectioning and the postsectioning measurements were calculated Statistical analysis used: The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results: All the three die systems exhibited displacement both in the horizontal and vertical directions before and after sectioning the casts. Brass dowel pin exhibited the greatest amount of displacement both in the horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusion: The use of more than one pin and the presence of metallic or plastic sleeves can result in improved accuracy and stability of the die system.

Introduction: Congenital syphilis, which is an infectious disease, is transmitted to the newborn by an infected mother during pregnancy and primarily caused by the microorganism Treponema pallidum. Late congenital syphilis is a very infrequent clinical finding acknowledged 2 or more years after birth, and its early diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Case report: This case report highlights a case of late congenital syphilis presenting itself with mulberry molars at an age of 12 years. The present clinical findings, the medical history, and reports given at the time of birth are indicative of the disease. Conclusion: Thus, the case report highlights the fact that dentists should be well versed with the systemic conditions and its dental implications for the right treatment of the disease.