Presence of a healthy periodontium is of utmost importance in terms of dental tissue harmony.esthetic relevance of these supporting tissues play a major role in the final out come of any treatment procedures. Smile designing is a complex traetment modality which comprises s of various periodontal tissue modifications where ever required. This article is a compilation of those aspects related to periodontium.
Esthetic in tooth display and smile design. In Ravindra Nanda editor. Biomechanics & Esthetics Strategies in Clinical orthodontics. 1st Edition. Elsevier Saunders 2009:p110–130.
Aesthetics in clinical orthodontic-periodontic interactions. Periodontology 2000, 2001;27:59–71.
Esthetic Periodontal Considerations in Orthodontic Treatment. The Management of Excessive Gingival Display. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69(6):368–72.
Special consideration in diagnosis, treatment plan & planning. In Graber, vanarasdall, vig editors. Orthodontics-Current principles and techniques. 4th Edition. Elseveir Saunders 2009:p1–70.
Crown lengthening surgery. Geoffrey Bateman, Shuva saha, Iain LC Chapple. Contemporary periodontal surgery: an illustrated guide to the art behind the science. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd. 2007:p129–142.
Diagnosis, prognosis & treatment plan. In Outline of periodontics. 4th edition. Wright publication 2000:p151–164.
Esthetic periodontics. In Thomas G Wilson, Kenneth S. Kornman. Fundamentals of periodontics. 2nd edition. Quintessence 2003:p540–561.
Shape & position of teeth. Esthetic dentistry & Ceramic Restoration. 1st edition. Informa Healthcare; 2008:p139–160.
